Muscle contusions = injury to a muscle caused by a direct impact. An impact to a muscle can cause more damage than you might expect. In most cases, the muscle is crushed against the bone. For example, this can happen when someone punches or kicks your leg or when you fall on a hard surface like a stone.
If contusions are not treated correctly, myositis ossificans can develop (myositis ossificans = bone forms inside the muscle → NOT GOOD). Do not underestimate this type of injury. Muscle contusions are very common in combat sports.
Find more information about sports injuries at the [injuries main page].
Description: Muscle Contusions
When your muscle is hit, it can be crushed against the bone, leading to either an intramuscular or intermuscular injury:
Intramuscular:
- Tearing occurs within the muscle and the surrounding fascia.
- Bleeding stays trapped inside the muscle, leading to higher pressure.
- Loss of function and pain can persist for weeks.
Intermuscular:
- Tearing involves the muscle and the surrounding fascia.
- Bleeding spreads more easily, so cold therapy is very important.
- Intermuscular contusions usually heal faster because fluids can escape, but there is a higher likelihood of visible bruising.
Muscle Contusion Grades
Grade 1:
- Nearly full range of motion
- Moderate pain and swelling
- Pain usually resolves within 2–3 days
- Consulting a sports injury specialist is still recommended
Grade 2:
- Limited range of motion
- Moderate pain when the muscle is contracted or pressure is applied
- Rest for at least 5 days
- Recovery can be accelerated with sports massage, ultrasound, and electrical stimulation (massage only if applied correctly)
Grade 3:
- Muscle contractions are very painful
- Significant swelling appears immediately
- In some cases, surgery may be necessary
Symptoms: Muscle Contusions
- Pain
- Swelling and/or bruising
- Partial or complete loss of muscle function, especially in intramuscular contusions
After a few days, you can usually determine if the contusion is intra- or intermuscular:
- If the muscle remains swollen after 3 days, suspect an intramuscular contusion
- If bruising spreads away from the injury site, it is likely an intermuscular contusion
However, it is strongly advised not to wait too long before consulting a doctor.
Trainer Advice: Muscle Contusions
- Consult a sports injury specialist. Correct diagnosis is critical. If heat or massage is applied too early, or if you train on a serious intramuscular injury or complete rupture, muscle function can be permanently lost.
- Apply ice immediately to slow down bleeding after the contusion
- Avoid muscle contractions or exercise
- A bandage can help reduce swelling
- Always ask your doctor before applying massage techniques
Related Instructions
- Osgood Schlatter Syndrome
- The Muscles of the Human Body
- Stretching
Videos: Muscle Contusions
